Warsaw Ghetto

  • The Stroop Report is one of the most damning and significant pieces of documentary evidence from the Holocaust, meticulously detailing the Nazi suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943. Compiled by SS General Jürgen Stroop, the report serves not only as a military account but also as a grim testament to the brutality and

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  • Officially known as the Jewish Organization for the Maintenance of Public Order (German: Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst; Polish: Żydowska Służba Porządkowa), Jewish police units were established under Nazi occupation in most East European ghettos. Their creation was closely tied to the establishment of ghettos, which removed Jewish populations from general police jurisdiction and necessitated an alternative system

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  • On January 9, 1943, Heinrich Himmler inspected the Warsaw Ghetto, an event that sent shockwaves through the community. The resistance groups recognized the visit as an ominous sign, fearing it marked the beginning of another wave of deportations. In response, they posted signs across the ghetto urging defiance: For the past six months, we have

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  • The Grossaktion Warsaw, also known as the Warsaw Ghetto Grossaktion, stands as one of the most harrowing episodes of the Holocaust. Initiated by Nazi Germany during World War II, this operation aimed at the mass deportation and extermination of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto. The event not only underscores the brutality of the Nazi regime

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  • Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

    The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest ghetto established by the Nazis in Poland. Hundreds of thousands of Jews found themselves confined in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions. The uprising began on April 19, 1943, when the Nazis attempted to liquidate the ghetto by deporting its remaining inhabitants to concentration camps. Instead of passively submitting to their

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  • The title is an excerpt from the diary of Etty Hillesum. Following are a few excerpts of several Holocaust diaries. What I find striking—is that despite the horrors, they still had a glimmer of hope. Anne Frank June 12, 1942: “I hope I will be able to confide everything to you, as I have never

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  • The Ghettos

    One aspect of the Holocaust, which often is overlooked, is the life in the ghettos. The Nazis created at least 1,143 ghettos in the occupied eastern territories. There were three kinds of ghettos. Closed ghettos were set apart by walls or fences with barbed wire. The Nazis compelled Jews living in the surrounding areas to

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  • Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

    Today marks the 80th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. I think that not enough is actually told about the revolt. Those who resisted knew they didn’t really stand a chance. Yet they fought valiantly. The ŻOB(Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa-Jewish Combat Organization) fighters were armed with only pistols, grenades, many of which were homemade, and a

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  • Last Sunday I had the honor and privilege to be invited to a zoom presentation by the Ghetto Fighters’ House museum titled “The Hippocratic Oath at the Umschlagplatz: The Jewish Doctors of the Warsaw Ghetto” Three words from that presentation stuck with me “Just like me”. The sum up perfectly what the Nazis should have

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  • Following is the transcript of the report from the World Jewish Congress on the annihilation of Jews in Europe which was issued on December 1,1942. I just want to make it clear that these are not my word. Bizarrely we live in a time where I feel compelled I have to mention this, because despite

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