Germany
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My mother was born on December 10, 1935, and passed away on January 26, 1996, at the age of 60. It felt far too young, but I took solace in the fact that she lived a full life, witnessing all her children grow up and settle into their lives. Sigmund Cohen, born on the same…
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The surname Klein has always intrigued me, likely because it’s my name. At some point, one of my ancestors altered it from Klein to de Klein for reasons that remain unknown to me. While Klein is traditionally a Jewish surname, it is also carried by others, such as Dr. Fritz Klein. When you search for…
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The term “Aryanization” refers to a series of policies and actions implemented by Nazi Germany during the 1930s and 1940s aimed at excluding Jews from economic, cultural, and social life while transferring their property to non-Jewish Germans, often referred to as “Aryans” in Nazi racial ideology. This systematic process was not merely an act of…
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Anton Mussert (1894–1946) was a central figure in the history of Dutch collaboration during World War II. As the founder and leader of the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB), or National Socialist Movement, Mussert became one of the most notorious symbols of Dutch cooperation with Nazi Germany. His leadership of the NSB and his role in facilitating…
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The Third Reich’s association with occultism has fascinated historians, conspiracy theorists, and pop culture enthusiasts for decades. The image of shadowy Nazi figures performing arcane rituals in torchlit halls or searching for ancient mystical artifacts is deeply ingrained in the public imagination. While this narrative is often exaggerated or fictionalized, it has roots in the…
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The Holocaust, history’s darkest chapter, was not merely the work of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party elite. It was a sprawling, systematic effort that relied heavily on the participation of professionals and civil leaders across German society. From bureaucrats and lawyers to doctors and educators, the Holocaust would not have been possible without their…
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On November 12, 1938, the Nazi regime issued the Decree on the Elimination of Jews from Economic Life, marking another chilling step in its systematic campaign of persecution against Jewish people. This Decree sought to segregate Jews entirely from the German economy, forbidding them from owning businesses, selling goods and services, or engaging in trade.…
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When you see a photograph of a Wehrmacht officer in the context of the Holocaust, it’s natural to assume he was complicit in the atrocities of that time. Yet, in the case of Lieutenant Albert Battel, that assumption couldn’t be more wrong. Battel defied expectations and risked his life to oppose Nazi crimes—revealing an extraordinary…
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Shards of Night The night fell hard, thick with hate,A quiet flame at first, then fate—Windows shattering, stars refract,This broken sky: Kristallnacht. Shards of glass, like fallen stars,Glittered in streets, in shattered jarsOf silenced voices, splintered pleas,Cries caught in cold November’s freeze. How can silence carry sound?Echoes in the streets abound—The lives uprooted, torn apart,The…
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On November 8, 1939, Adolf Hitler narrowly escaped an assassination attempt in Munich. The attempt took place in the Bürgerbräukeller, a popular beer hall where he annually commemorated the anniversary of the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, an early failed coup that Hitler had led in an attempt to seize power in Germany. The bomb was…
History of Sorts 