Indonesia
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On May 23, 1977, the Netherlands was gripped by one of the most dramatic and violent episodes in its post-war history. A group of South Moluccan extremists launched a coordinated attack, hijacking a train and taking hostages in a nearby elementary school. This act of terrorism was not random—it was rooted in decades of political…
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The “Year Without a Summer,” which occurred in 1816, stands as one of the most dramatic examples of short-term climate disruption in recorded history. This year was marked by unusual and extreme weather patterns that caused widespread crop failures, food shortages, and social unrest across the Northern Hemisphere. The phenomenon was primarily caused by the…
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During the Second World War, numerous war crimes were committed by various nations, but some of the most horrific atrocities were perpetrated by the Japanese Army. Their occupation of conquered territories was marked by extreme brutality, with estimates suggesting that up to 14 million people perished as a result of Japanese war crimes. One of…
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The Politionele Acties, or “Police Actions,” represent one of the most contentious episodes in the history of Indonesia and the Netherlands. Conducted between 1947 and 1949, these military operations were part of the Dutch effort to regain control of their former colony after Indonesia’s declaration of independence on August 17, 1945. What unfolded was a…
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This blog is based on nostalgia and facts, although it could not be verified who made the cards. However, the photos in the blog are of a real deck of cards that were made by one or more prisoners in Japanese captivity, it is not known where exactly though, and who made them. They were…
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One of the definitions of hygiene is conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease—specifically through cleanliness. The lack of hygiene was one of the hidden killers during World War II, and indeed any other war, because it wasn’t always possible to keep a minimal level of hygiene. This post has a few…
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As the Nazis did in Europe, the Japanese Imperial Army had concentration camps in the Pacific. The Asian camps were nearly as horrific as the European ones, and the conditions were inhumane, nonetheless. This is just a side note, but I did notice, while researching, none of the Pacific camps were referred to as camps…
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Between 1816 and 1949, the Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia, was a Dutch colony. Between 1941 and 1945 it was occupied by Japan. On 19 and 20 July 1940, 231 people who were on leave from the Dutch East Indies in the Netherlands were arrested by the Germans. They were called ‘Indian hostages’. It was…
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Alfred Münzer was only nine months old when his family separated during the Nazi Regime occupation of the Netherlands. At one year old, he was placed into the care of a Dutch-Indonesian family for his protection. After liberation, his mother, who survived several concentration camps including Auschwitz, returned and they were reunited. This is his…
History of Sorts 