Italian Fascists
-
The German operation to liberate Benito Mussolini from captivity in September 1943, commonly known as the Gran Sasso raid or Operation Eiche (“Oak”), remains one of the most studied commando actions of the Second World War. Beyond its tactical novelty, the raid highlights the interplay between military planning, political symbolism, and propaganda in a period
-
Pope Pius XII is often referred to as “Hitler’s Pope,” but the Catholic Church’s connections with fascist regimes began before his papacy. It was his predecessor, Pope Pius XI, who actively sought ties with fascist leaders. On June 16, 1936, he met with Anton Mussert, the leader of the Dutch Nazi party. The 20th century
-
In September 1943, Nazi paratroopers staged a daring commando raid that rescued Mussolini from the Apennine Mountain ski resort where he was being detained. Hitler installed Mussolini as the figurehead of the Social Republic of Italy (known informally as the Republic of Salo), a Nazi puppet state in German-occupied northern Italy. By April 25, 1945,
-
Bombing of Vatican City occurred twice during World War II. The first occasion was on the evening of 5 November 1943, when a plane dropped bombs on the area south-west of Saint Peter’s Basilica, causing considerable damage but no casualties. The second bombing, which affected only the outer margin of the city, was on the
History of Sorts 
You must be logged in to post a comment.