Middle East

  • In November 1945, the Jewish community of Tripolitania — the northwestern region of Libya centered around Tripoli — faced one of the most brutal anti-Jewish outbreaks in North Africa’s modern history. Over a few chaotic days, more than a hundred Jews were murdered, synagogues burned, and centuries of coexistence torn apart. The violence became known…

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  • Bashar al-Assad has been the President of Syria since 2000, inheriting power from his father, Hafez al-Assad. His presidency has been marked by widespread human rights abuses, war crimes, and violations of international law, particularly during the Syrian Civil War that began in 2011. As the leader of the Syrian government, Assad’s policies and military…

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